Cast Enums Inside JSON and Array Column Keys in Eloquent - Laravel

Cast enum instances nested within JSON or array database columns using Eloquent Attribute accessors and mutators.

Laravel provides first-party enum casting for standard model columns:

protected $casts = [
    'status' => PostStatus::class,
];

However, when an enum value is stored inside a nested JSON object or array column (such as options->status or settings['status']), Laravel's default column casting casts the entire column to an array, leaving the nested enum value as a raw string or integer.

Using Eloquent's Attribute accessor and mutator, you can automatically hydrate and serialize nested enum instances.

Implementing the Nested Enum Cast

namespace App\Models;

use App\Enums\PostStatus;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\Attribute;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Post extends Model
{
    protected function options(): Attribute
    {
        return Attribute::make(
            get: function ($value): array {
                $options = json_decode($value ?? '[]', true) ?? [];

                // Hydrate string value to Backed Enum instance
                if (isset($options['status'])) {
                    $options['status'] = PostStatus::tryFrom($options['status']) ?? $options['status'];
                }

                return $options;
            },
            set: function ($value): string {
                $options = is_array($value) ? $value : (json_decode($value, true) ?? []);

                // Serialize Backed Enum instance to scalar value before storing
                if (isset($options['status']) && $options['status'] instanceof PostStatus) {
                    $options['status'] = $options['status']->value;
                }

                return json_encode($options);
            }
        );
    }
}

Practical Usage

You can now interact with nested enum properties as strongly typed objects:

$post = Post::find(1);

// Accessing the nested enum
if ($post->options['status'] === PostStatus::Draft) {
    // Strongly typed enum comparison
}

// Updating the nested enum
$options = $post->options;
$options['status'] = PostStatus::Published;
$post->options = $options;
$post->save();

Summary

Use Eloquent Attribute::make() to hydrate and serialize enums nested inside JSON attributes.
Use PostStatus::tryFrom() in the getter to gracefully handle unexpected values without throwing exceptions.
Ensures strongly typed enum consistency even for schemaless or flexible JSON payloads.

Tags: Laravel Eloquent Enums Casts JSON

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